Jo Dec 12, 2025
Lithium and its compounds have been widely used in several fields including battery, aerospace and light metal alloys due to their special properties. Recently, gradual exhaustion of lithium resources on land makes it important to extract lithium from seawater and salt lake brine which are rich in lithium.
There are several methods for recovering lithium from lithium resources including precipitation, solvent extraction and adsorption. Among them, adsorption method is suitable for recovering lithium from seawater and salt lake brine due to its simple process and high recovery.
Inorganic adsorbents are widely applied in the adsorption method. Among them, ion sieve materials are most widely used. At present, there are two types of lithium ion sieves―manganese type and titanium type. The ion sieve of manganese type has a disadvantage of big dissolution rate of manganese. Therefore, research on the titanium type with higher chemical stability is becoming more intensive.
Ri Song Ho, a section head at the Institute of Analysis, has prepared a titanium-type lithium ion sieve for recovering lithium from seawater and salt lake brine, and investigated its characteristics.
First, he prepared the precursor of lithium ion sieve (Li2TiO3) by the solid state reaction with lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as raw materials. Then, he prepared a lithium ion sieve (H2TiO3) by extracting lithium from the precursor with HCl solution.
The extraction rate of lithium and the dissolution loss rate of titanium are 91.23% and 0.2%, respectively, during HCl treatment of the precursor. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of lithium on the prepared ion sieve is 38.8mg/g.
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Jo Dec 11, 2025
Saenap (a Korean brass wind instrument) is a peculiar national wind instrument.
Hard woods like paktal tree, date tree, etc. were used for its hollow pipe.
It is basically the same as a flute in the way of playing. It is characterized by bright and gorgeous timbre, fluency and strong appeal, and it produces great volume.
It is used as a melodic instrument in holiday amusements, instrumental music of peasants and dance music boasting of the pleasure of rich harvest, and in mixed orchestra it usually appears in the parts stimulating the national interest.
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Jo Dec 9, 2025
Currently, research on parameter tuning methods is active due to the widespread use of PID controllers in industrial practice. Many studies have been carried out on self-tuning methods to tune the parameters of PID controllers with varying plant parameters, bringing about remarkable successes.
Meanwhile, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a kind of optimization method based on the theory of cluster intelligence, which has been widely applied in the field of function optimization, neural network learning, multiobjective optimization, fuzzy control system, etc. The population optimization algorithm is easily applicable to various types of problems because there are no complex crossover and mutation operations like in genetic algorithms. The greatest advantage of PSO algorithm is its fast convergence speed, simplicity of evolution operation, low computational cost and small number of parameters used in it.
The T-S fuzzy model approximates nonlinear characteristics, and inference using it can be used as a tool to implement controllers or fuzzy models with optimal and adaptive functions because it is simple and convenient for mathematical analysis and it can be easily combined with PID control or adaptive control.
Kim Yong Su, a researcher at the Faculty of Automatics, has proposed a method for designing a PID controller, based on the characteristics of PSO algorithm and T-S fuzzy model.
According to the proposed method, you first use the PSO algorithm to determine the position of a dominant pole which minimizes the judge function consisting of Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) and overshoot value and then express it as a T-S fuzzy model to determine the parameters of a PID controller using fuzzy inference.
The proposed method allows you to get both the optimal dominant pole and the exchanging frequency at the same time, and to get a good control result as the overshoot value is small.
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Jo Dec 6, 2025
Our country was well known to the world as a land of silk fabrics from olden times.
According to the records, the Korean ancestors started to acclimatize undomesticated silkworms to raise mulberry silkworms in olden times, and they obtained raw silk from silkworms to weave fabrics for clothing in the ancient times.
In the period of the Three Kingdoms, silkworm culture further flourished and their high-level weaving techniques led to the production of several kinds of high-grade silk fabrics with beautiful and colourful patterns to be sold to the neighboring countries.
Korean silk fabrics were accepted to be far superior to those of other countries in terms of quiet sheen, smooth touch and delicacy and even more expensive than gold. In the period of Koryo, they were exported to the far Arabian peninsula as well as to the neighbouring countries, gaining fame as the best on earth.
The main feature of the Korean silk distinguished from those of neighbouring countries was not to boil cocoons enough and not to completely remove sericin when reeling raw silk off them.
The fabric woven from such silk was not too loose but a little stiff like starched and felt fresh and fine.
The Korean ancestors were also the first to devise dye printing for silk cloth.
As mentioned above, the Korean nation is a resourceful and civilized nation which created and developed the silk culture admired by the world people a long time ago.
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Jo Dec 5, 2025
Recent rapid development of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones makes it possible to take a university course anywhere anytime and it has brought about a new type of learning; m-learning.
Downloading has been a common method for mobility. However, it is inevitable to download all data even when you need a certain part of a video clip or when you just need to go through it. This wastes communication cost and requires a user to wait until downloading is completed. In addition, it needs space for storing the downloaded data. Thus, streaming service of mobile education is a breakthrough in the world of education as a means of learning using Internet technology and mobile telecommunications devices.
Ri Ye Bok, a researcher at the Faculty of On-line Education, has proposed a SCORM-based package model for streaming service in distance education through mobile network.
The proposed model enables two kinds of service—downloading and streaming, using the same contents, thus not only guaranteeing the safety of data, but also saving memory space and providing convenience of management.
It can be easily implemented on various distance education sites as it converts learning contents into those for Android-based devices to provide several kinds of service in distance education systems based on the SCORM standard model.
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Jo Dec 2, 2025
Chonsangryolchabunyajido is an astronomical chart made in the late fourteenth century.
It dates back to 1395, based on the Koguryo’s astronomical chart carved on a stone.
The Koguryo’s astronomical chart (a table of constellations carved on a stone of about 2 meters in length and 1.2 meters in width) made between the late fifth century and the early sixth century shows 1 467 stars that were visible in the night sky of Pyongyang at that time. They are categorized in 282 constellations in a circle. The black ink copy of them on a piece of paper was used as base data for astronomical observation and calendar compilation.
Chonsangryolchabunyajido (122.8cm wide and 209.9cm long) was considered a very scientific and accurate astronomical chart in those days.
As one of the precious cultural legacies demonstrating the astronomical development of our country in the middle ages, it provides valuable information for the study of astronomical history.
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